Fire Safety in Modern Buildings and Industrial Facilities

Fire safety is a critical aspect of modern buildings and industrial facilities. It encompasses fire detection, prevention, and suppression systems. Following international standards and national laws in Bangladesh, such as the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) standards and Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC), is essential for the installation and maintenance of these systems. This article explores various aspects of fire safety, with a special focus on the relevant regulations from NFPA and BNBC.

1. Fire Detection System

Fire detection systems typically use smoke detectors, heat detectors, and combined detectors. According to NFPA 72, a smoke detector can cover a maximum radius of 21 feet in a specified area. In larger areas requiring three times more sensors, one detector can be installed per 600 square feet. If the ceiling height exceeds 30 feet, specialized detectors like beam detectors and linear heat detectors are required for smoke detection.

2. Fire Pump and Water Reservoir

Fire pump systems follow NFPA 20 standards. Usually, the main pump (either diesel or electric) is installed with a capacity ranging from 550 GPM to 3000 GPM. These pumps work with both negative and positive suction systems.

For fire hydrant systems, NFPA 14 and BNBC standards dictate that each stage must have a line with a capacity of at least 250 GPM, with the system being able to supply water for 60 to 75 minutes based on Bangladesh regulations. The quantity of water stored in the fire reservoir is determined according to NFPA 22.

3. Fire Fighting and Sprinkler Systems

Sprinkler systems are installed according to NFPA 13 standards. Typically, when designing a sprinkler detection system, the maximum distance between sprinklers can be 15 feet, with a minimum distance of 6 feet. For Ordinary Hazard Group-1, 0.15 GPM/ft² density and a 5.6 K-factor are used.

4. Public Address (PA) System

The public address system plays a crucial role in delivering alert messages during emergencies. Usually, the PA system is spread throughout the building to ensure that all employees and visitors receive emergency signals.

5. Fire Safety in High-Rise Buildings

Buildings with heights exceeding 75 feet are considered high-rise structures and require additional fire safety measures according to NFPA and BNBC. Each floor must be equipped with sprinklers and a fire hydrant system.

6. Trained Fire Fighting Team

Ensuring fire safety requires a trained fire fighting team. Typically, there should be 10 trained firefighters for every 100 workers. Regular training allows the fire fighting team to take appropriate action at the right time.

Conclusion

Fire safety is not just a legal obligation, but also a vital part of protecting lives and property. If properly planned and implemented according to international standards like NFPA and BNBC, a safe working environment can be ensured.